How to truncate a log file

I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
control.
Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
this log file?
Thanks
BillBackup log dbname with truncate_only
If you do not require point in time recovery you might turn on "truncate log
on checkpoint", if you do, schedule regular log backups. See "backup" in BOL
HTH
Ray Higdon MCSE, MCDBA, CCNA
--
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:374C8E81-0C23-4F35-A2B2-2985243A864A@.microsoft.com...

quote:

---

> I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
> control.
> Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
> this log file?
> Thanks
> Bill
>

---

|||Thanks Ray.|||Hi,
In addition to Ray's post , do a DBCC SHRINK file on the transaction log
file.
This will shrink your transaction log file to the minimum size.
For more information on DBCC SHRINKFILE, refer BOL
Thanks
Hari
MCDBA
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:68488509-6364-446B-B118-4B41FFCFDAFC@.microsoft.com...

quote:

---

> Thanks Ray.

---

|||Hi
You may want to read
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/d...r />
_1uzr.asp
and check previous posts in these newsgroups.
John
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:374C8E81-0C23-4F35-A2B2-2985243A864A@.microsoft.com...

quote:

---

> I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
> control.
> Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
> this log file?
> Thanks
> Bill
>

---

sql

how to truncate a log file

hi friends,
i am truncating the log file with the command
backup log UserManager with truncate_only ,this is not truncating up to mark.
is there any way to truncate the logfile effectively.now my log file is going in GBs.
please help
thanks
reddy
Hi,
There will be still open transactioin inside the database, that is the
reason log is not getting truncated.
How to chek if there is any open trasnactions:-
DBCC OPENTRAN('db_name')
if there is active open transactions, then you may need to wait till the
trasactiuon ends. Otherwise start the database in single user:-
ALTER database <dbname> set single_user with rollback immediate
go
backup log <dbname> with truncate_only
go
Execute the below command to see the log size:
DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE)
You can shrink the physical LDF file usinge the below command:-
DBCCSHRINKFILE('logical_ldf_name',truncateonly)
Execute DBCC SQLPERF(LOGSPACE) again to get the file size and usage.
Thanks
Hari
MCDBA
"reddy" <reddy@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:C7018680-A788-481B-AABF-8BD677461A90@.microsoft.com...
> hi friends,
> i am truncating the log file with the command
> backup log UserManager with truncate_only ,this is not truncating up to
mark.
> is there any way to truncate the logfile effectively.now my log file is
going in GBs.
> please help
> thanks
> reddy
>
>
|||hari,
thank you for ur help
i have one doubt hari,if i execute the following command in QA where it will backup the log,is there any default path for it.what should be the file name.
backup log <dbname> with truncate_only
if i use the DBCCSHRINKFILE('logical_ldf_name',truncateonly) command my log file suddenly shrinked from 2GB to 1MB.because of this any details i lost.if i lost how can i recover.
please explain.with out testing on dummy database i applied the commands on production server.is there any data loss with this.
thanks®ards
reddy
|||Hi Reddy,
backup log <dbname> with truncate_only :- This command will not backup the
transaction log. This will remove the
inactive part of the transaction log with out backup. So if you need to
backup the trasnqaction log use the below command:-
backup log <dbname> to disk='c:\backup\dbname.trn'
This will backup the transaction log to c:\backup folder.
DBCCSHRINKFILE('logical_ldf_name',truncateonly) command my log file suddenly
shrinked from 2GB to 1MB.because of this any details i lost.if i lost how
can i recover.?
No , this command will shrink the physical trasnaction log file. Say you
had 2 GB transaction log file, but out of that only 1 MB was used. AFter
issuing the command the entry was shunk.
Sure, Absolutely no data loss will happen. Only thing is insted of backup
log <dbname> with truncate_only , use the
backup log <dbname> to disk='c:\backup\dbname.trn' to backup the trasnaction
log in frequent intervals.
Thanks
Hari
MCDBA
"reddy" <reddy@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:DFA68B92-4FF1-4570-8786-BA5EC1C08C6F@.microsoft.com...
> hari,
> thank you for ur help
> i have one doubt hari,if i execute the following command in QA where it
will backup the log,is there any default path for it.what should be the file
name.
> backup log <dbname> with truncate_only
> if i use the DBCCSHRINKFILE('logical_ldf_name',truncateonly) command my
log file suddenly shrinked from 2GB to 1MB.because of this any details i
lost.if i lost how can i recover.
> please explain.with out testing on dummy database i applied the commands
on production server.is there any data loss with this.
> thanks®ards
> reddy
>
>
|||hari,
thank you very much for ur help.
thanks
reddy
"Hari" wrote:

> Hi Reddy,
> backup log <dbname> with truncate_only :- This command will not backup the
> transaction log. This will remove the
> inactive part of the transaction log with out backup. So if you need to
> backup the trasnqaction log use the below command:-
> backup log <dbname> to disk='c:\backup\dbname.trn'
> This will backup the transaction log to c:\backup folder.
> DBCCSHRINKFILE('logical_ldf_name',truncateonly) command my log file suddenly
> shrinked from 2GB to 1MB.because of this any details i lost.if i lost how
> can i recover.?
> No , this command will shrink the physical trasnaction log file. Say you
> had 2 GB transaction log file, but out of that only 1 MB was used. AFter
> issuing the command the entry was shunk.
> Sure, Absolutely no data loss will happen. Only thing is insted of backup
> log <dbname> with truncate_only , use the
> backup log <dbname> to disk='c:\backup\dbname.trn' to backup the trasnaction
> log in frequent intervals.
> --
> Thanks
> Hari
> MCDBA
> "reddy" <reddy@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news:DFA68B92-4FF1-4570-8786-BA5EC1C08C6F@.microsoft.com...
> will backup the log,is there any default path for it.what should be the file
> name.
> log file suddenly shrinked from 2GB to 1MB.because of this any details i
> lost.if i lost how can i recover.
> on production server.is there any data loss with this.
>
>

How to truncate a log file

I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
control.
Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
this log file
Thank
BillBackup log dbname with truncate_only
If you do not require point in time recovery you might turn on "truncate log
on checkpoint", if you do, schedule regular log backups. See "backup" in BOL
HTH
--
Ray Higdon MCSE, MCDBA, CCNA
--
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:374C8E81-0C23-4F35-A2B2-2985243A864A@.microsoft.com...
> I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
> control.
> Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
> this log file?
> Thanks
> Bill
>|||Thanks Ray.|||Hi,
In addition to Ray's post , do a DBCC SHRINK file on the transaction log
file.
This will shrink your transaction log file to the minimum size.
For more information on DBCC SHRINKFILE, refer BOL
Thanks
Hari
MCDBA
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:68488509-6364-446B-B118-4B41FFCFDAFC@.microsoft.com...
> Thanks Ray.|||Hi
You may want to read
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/architec/8_ar_da2_1uzr.asp
and check previous posts in these newsgroups.
John
"bill dunn" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:374C8E81-0C23-4F35-A2B2-2985243A864A@.microsoft.com...
> I've got a SQL V7 server whose log file has grown out of
> control.
> Could you please enlighten me to the steps to truncate
> this log file?
> Thanks
> Bill
>

How to trim XML's attribute values?

I have a program which generate a xml file from dataset using
DataSet.WriteXML function. The result is as follow:
<DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
<TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN " DATE="1/16/2007
12:00:00 AM" Name=" "
E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
<TD TD_NO="NN1-1 " LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE
" ADD1=" " TRSS="3" TYPEDESC="
" >
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001 " MARKS="RESOURCES " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003 " MARKS="P.O.:11111111 " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004 " MARKS="MADE IN CHINA " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
</TD>
</TB>
</DataSet>
Is there any setting to set it to generate xml file with trim space values
and result should output as :
<DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
<TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN" DATE="1/16/2007 12:00:00 AM" Name=""
E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
<TD TD_NO="NN1-1" LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE" ADD1="" TRSS="3"
TYPEDESC="" >
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001" MARKS="RESOURCES" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003" MARKS="P.O.:11111111" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004" MARKS="MADE IN CHINA" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
</TD>
</TB>
</DataSet>
In your SQL SELECT or stored procedure just use LTRIM(column_name) or
RTRIM(column_name) to remove unwanted spaces then the resulting dataset will
not have them for the WriteXML format.
So to correct your data below it would be something like:
SELECT
RTRIM(TB_NO),
RTRIM(DESCRIPTION)
...
"ABC" <abc@.abc.com> wrote in message
news:elMHZEiOHHA.4484@.TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>I have a program which generate a xml file from dataset using
> DataSet.WriteXML function. The result is as follow:
> <DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
> <TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN " DATE="1/16/2007
> 12:00:00 AM" Name=" "
> E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
> <TD TD_NO="NN1-1 " LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE
> " ADD1=" " TRSS="3" TYPEDESC="
> " >
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001 " MARKS="RESOURCES " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003 " MARKS="P.O.:11111111 " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004 " MARKS="MADE IN CHINA " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> </TD>
> </TB>
> </DataSet>
>
> Is there any setting to set it to generate xml file with trim space values
> and result should output as :
> <DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
> <TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN" DATE="1/16/2007 12:00:00 AM" Name=""
> E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
> <TD TD_NO="NN1-1" LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE" ADD1="" TRSS="3"
> TYPEDESC="" >
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001" MARKS="RESOURCES" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003" MARKS="P.O.:11111111" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004" MARKS="MADE IN CHINA" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> </TD>
> </TB>
> </DataSet>
>
>
sql

How to trim XML's attribute values?

I have a program which generate a xml file from dataset using
DataSet.WriteXML function. The result is as follow:
<DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
<TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN " DATE="1/16/2007
12:00:00 AM" Name=" "
E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
<TD TD_NO="NN1-1 " LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE
" ADD1=" " TRSS="3" TYPEDESC="
" >
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001 " MARKS="RESOURCES " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003 " MARKS="P.O.:11111111 " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004 " MARKS="MADE IN CHINA " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
" />
</TD>
</TB>
</DataSet>
Is there any setting to set it to generate xml file with trim space values
and result should output as :
<DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
<TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN" DATE="1/16/2007 12:00:00 AM" Name=""
E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
<TD TD_NO="NN1-1" LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE" ADD1="" TRSS="3"
TYPEDESC="" >
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001" MARKS="RESOURCES" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003" MARKS="P.O.:11111111" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004" MARKS="MADE IN CHINA" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
<DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
</TD>
</TB>
</DataSet>In your SQL SELECT or stored procedure just use LTRIM(column_name) or
RTRIM(column_name) to remove unwanted spaces then the resulting dataset will
not have them for the WriteXML format.
So to correct your data below it would be something like:
SELECT
RTRIM(TB_NO),
RTRIM(DESCRIPTION)
...
"ABC" <abc@.abc.com> wrote in message
news:elMHZEiOHHA.4484@.TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
>I have a program which generate a xml file from dataset using
> DataSet.WriteXML function. The result is as follow:
> <DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
> <TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN " DATE="1/16/2007
> 12:00:00 AM" Name=" "
> E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
> <TD TD_NO="NN1-1 " LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE
> " ADD1=" " TRSS="3" TYPEDESC="
> " >
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001 " MARKS="RESOURCES " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003 " MARKS="P.O.:11111111 " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004 " MARKS="MADE IN CHINA " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006 " MARKS=" " DSCP="
> " />
> </TD>
> </TB>
> </DataSet>
>
> Is there any setting to set it to generate xml file with trim space values
> and result should output as :
> <DataSet xmlns="http://tempuri.org/DataSet1.xsd">
> <TB TB_NO="NN01001" DESCRIPTION="NN" DATE="1/16/2007 12:00:00 AM" Name=""
> E_MAIL="test@.test.com">
> <TD TD_NO="NN1-1" LINE_NAME="FREE TRADE ZONE" ADD1="" TRSS="3"
> TYPEDESC="" >
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="001" MARKS="RESOURCES" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="002" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="003" MARKS="P.O.:11111111" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="004" MARKS="MADE IN CHINA" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="005" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> <DESCRIPTION SEQ_NO="006" MARKS="" DSCP="" />
> </TD>
> </TB>
> </DataSet>
>
>

how to transform an .MDF database into a permanent database in sql server express?

Hi, i have a MDF file used by an asp.net application (with sql server 2005 express).

I want to make it to a permanent database in sql server express.

I know that i can attach it from Management Studio, but is there no better way?

Does it exist a way to 'import' or 'migrate' or copy' a .MDF.database into the central sql server, as if created directly in sql server express? After that, i can delete the .MDF file.

Thanks

Tartuffe

Hello,

if you would create a new database with SQL Server, it will also create an .mdf-file. You can see this for yourself in the following location:

C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data

So, I'm not sure what your problem is with the mdf files, but they are perfectly normal SQL Database files and attaching is therefore a good way to bring your database online. If you want, you can first also create a brand new database first, and then import the date. In Management Studio you can right click the new database in the Object Explorer, select tasks > import data... and it should start the SQL Server Import and Export Wizard. Since it's a wizard, I think you will be able to perform the task as you see fit.

Good luck!

|||

Hi, thanks for replying.

Unfortunately, i have Management Studio express and when rightclicking on the new created db, i can't see Import, only backup/restore shrink ...

|||

Hi tartuffe2,

I my opinion, using attach database is the best way for this scenario.

SQL Server 2005 has many ways to implement move, copy, and update database, such as detach/attach, backup/restore, import/export, database mirroring, log shipping, replication. But some of them do not support in Express Edition. For your request, attach is the fastest and simplest way.

Thanks.

How to transfer or export dbf file to SQL server 2005 express edition?

I need to transfer dbf file to sql server 2005 express edition with some periodic interval. Can any one please recommend which is the easiest and efficient method to do?. Like polling every 5 to 10 seconds transfer data to sql server 2005 ex edition.

Is it recommend to do it visual basic program?, how to do it. pls help

Hi Stephen,

In SQL 2005 you can set up a linked server, a stored procedure, and a recurring job to run the stored procedure. I'm assuming you want to import only new or changed rows from the DBF and the stored procedure would allow you to do this before you update your main table.

I don't usually work with SQL Express, and I see that you can set up a linked server, but SQL Server Agent is not available to set up the recurring job. However, you could write an external program (such as in VB) to call the stored procedure at the desired intervals.

How to transfer data?

I am installing MSDE, then a batch file calls osql which calls
script files to build the structure.
How can I easily transfer some table data?
I have a few tables that need some data (not a lot of data but some data in
around 8 tables).
Thanks,
ShaneHi,
Did you meant to transfer data from one MSDE SQL server to another?
then you can,
1. BCP OUT the data from source server in txt files
2. BCP IN to destination server
Have a look into the BCP command in books online.
Note:
If the data trasfer is going to happen in a single server between databases
or with in a database then you can use
Insert into table_name select col1,col2,col3... from table_a, table_b and
then conditions
Thanks
Hari
MCDBA
"SStory" <TheStorys@.TAKEOUTTHISSPAMBUSTERsofthome.net> wrote in message
news:O3#GbM1GEHA.2516@.TK2MSFTNGP12.phx.gbl...
> I am installing MSDE, then a batch file calls osql which calls
> script files to build the structure.
> How can I easily transfer some table data?
> I have a few tables that need some data (not a lot of data but some data
in
> around 8 tables).
> Thanks,
> Shane
>

How to transfer backup from client to server machine (MSSQL, SQL Server)

MSSQL, Microsoft SQL Server:
I succeeded in transferring a backup file from the SQL Server machine
to the client using OPENROWSET.
I used this way because it is not (always easy) possible to restore a
file residing on the client machine on a SQL Server.
One has to share drives on the client machine for remote SQL Server
access or better granting access on the SQL Server machine for the
client.
In my line of bussiness it is not possible to help every client on this
issue (several thousand users)
What I need to achieve is transferring backup to the server by using
SQL Server to do it and restoring it with SQL Server.
A solution for SQL 2005 would be perfect (it is not necessary to solve
this in SQL Server 2000). Using Named pipes is not an option because it
is no longer supported in SQL2005
Hi
"Oz" wrote:

> MSSQL, Microsoft SQL Server:
> I succeeded in transferring a backup file from the SQL Server machine
> to the client using OPENROWSET.
I am not sure why you are doing this, if you are actually talking about a
database backup. I assume this is a CSV or XML file? If so why not use the
BULK INSERT command? This will take a UNC name for the file if necessary.

> I used this way because it is not (always easy) possible to restore a
> file residing on the client machine on a SQL Server.
> One has to share drives on the client machine for remote SQL Server
> access or better granting access on the SQL Server machine for the
> client.
> In my line of bussiness it is not possible to help every client on this
> issue (several thousand users)
> What I need to achieve is transferring backup to the server by using
> SQL Server to do it and restoring it with SQL Server.
Have you looked at SSIS and loading the file using FTP either through a
package or User Interface (e.g
http://classicasp.aspfaq.com/general/how-do-i-ftp-files-from-asp.html ) onto
the SQL Server or somewhere which can be seen by the SQL Server and then
loading it from a package?

> A solution for SQL 2005 would be perfect (it is not necessary to solve
> this in SQL Server 2000). Using Named pipes is not an option because it
> is no longer supported in SQL2005
>
John

How to tracking trigger

Hi guys,
I'm using trigger to write multiple files (5-6 file on multiple directories)
using xp_cmdshell (invoke echo "" > path) on SQL Server 2000.
I've found that sometime it does not output all the files it should be
written (almost the last file). So I'd like to check what happen on my
trigger. Could you please suggest me?
Thanks in advance,
Thana N.Thana
Run SQL Server Profiler to capture SP:StmtCompleted event.
"Thana N." <n-thana-n0reply@.h0tmail.c0m> wrote in message
news:eDiBAnS9DHA.2412@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> Hi guys,
> I'm using trigger to write multiple files (5-6 file on multiple
directories)
> using xp_cmdshell (invoke echo "" > path) on SQL Server 2000.
> I've found that sometime it does not output all the files it should be
> written (almost the last file). So I'd like to check what happen on my
> trigger. Could you please suggest me?
> Thanks in advance,
> Thana N.
>|||Uri,
Is there anyway to track the historical for this? Because it is running on
the production and I cannot have a right to run Profiler for this (my sql
user is not in a group of sysadmin).
Thanks for reply,
Thana N.
"Uri Dimant" <urid@.iscar.co.il> wrote in message
news:ONJrz0S9DHA.2560@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> Thana
> Run SQL Server Profiler to capture SP:StmtCompleted event.
>
> "Thana N." <n-thana-n0reply@.h0tmail.c0m> wrote in message
> news:eDiBAnS9DHA.2412@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> > Hi guys,
> >
> > I'm using trigger to write multiple files (5-6 file on multiple
> directories)
> > using xp_cmdshell (invoke echo "" > path) on SQL Server 2000.
> >
> > I've found that sometime it does not output all the files it should be
> > written (almost the last file). So I'd like to check what happen on my
> > trigger. Could you please suggest me?
> >
> > Thanks in advance,
> > Thana N.
> >
> >
>

How to tracking trigger

Hi guys,
I'm using trigger to write multiple files (5-6 file on multiple directories)
using xp_cmdshell (invoke echo "" > path) on SQL Server 2000.
I've found that sometime it does not output all the files it should be
written (almost the last file). So I'd like to check what happen on my
trigger. Could you please suggest me?
Thanks in advance,
Thana N.Thana
Run SQL Server Profiler to capture SP:StmtCompleted event.
"Thana N." <n-thana-n0reply@.h0tmail.c0m> wrote in message
news:eDiBAnS9DHA.2412@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> Hi guys,
> I'm using trigger to write multiple files (5-6 file on multiple
directories)
> using xp_cmdshell (invoke echo "" > path) on SQL Server 2000.
> I've found that sometime it does not output all the files it should be
> written (almost the last file). So I'd like to check what happen on my
> trigger. Could you please suggest me?
> Thanks in advance,
> Thana N.
>|||Uri,
Is there anyway to track the historical for this? Because it is running on
the production and I cannot have a right to run Profiler for this (my sql
user is not in a group of sysadmin).
Thanks for reply,
Thana N.
"Uri Dimant" <urid@.iscar.co.il> wrote in message
news:ONJrz0S9DHA.2560@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> Thana
> Run SQL Server Profiler to capture SP:StmtCompleted event.
>
> "Thana N." <n-thana-n0reply@.h0tmail.c0m> wrote in message
> news:eDiBAnS9DHA.2412@.TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> directories)
>

How to track SQL server and file growth

HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking for
some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders. I
started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original data
and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file which
pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to a
different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
help with this?I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
so , take a look at
http://www.sql-server-performance.c...with_dts_05.asp
"WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking
> for some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
> servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
> originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
> includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders.
> I started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original
> data and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file
> which pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to
> a different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
> file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
> located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
> there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
> help with this?
>|||Thanks!!!, that looks like it just what I need. May need a little tweaking,
but so far so good..
Thanks again
======================================
"Uri Dimant" <urid@.iscar.co.il> wrote in message
news:%23piXMw$2GHA.1068@.TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...
>I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
>so , take a look at
> http://www.sql-server-performance.c...with_dts_05.asp
>
> "WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
> news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
>

How to track SQL server and file growth

HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking for
some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders. I
started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original data
and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file which
pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to a
different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
help with this?
I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
so , take a look at
http://www.sql-server-performance.co...ith_dts_05.asp
"WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking
> for some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
> servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
> originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
> includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders.
> I started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original
> data and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file
> which pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to
> a different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
> file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
> located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
> there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
> help with this?
>
|||Thanks!!!, that looks like it just what I need. May need a little tweaking,
but so far so good..
Thanks again
======================================
"Uri Dimant" <urid@.iscar.co.il> wrote in message
news:%23piXMw$2GHA.1068@.TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...
>I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
>so , take a look at
> http://www.sql-server-performance.co...ith_dts_05.asp
>
> "WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
> news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
>
sql

How to track SQL server and file growth

HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking for
some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders. I
started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original data
and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file which
pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to a
different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
help with this?I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
so , take a look at
http://www.sql-server-performance.com/nn_monitor_with_dts_05.asp
"WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
> HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking
> for some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
> servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
> originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
> includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders.
> I started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original
> data and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS file
> which pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers data to
> a different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and each VBS
> file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the XLS file is
> located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already done so that
> there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF. Can someone
> help with this?
>|||Thanks!!!, that looks like it just what I need. May need a little tweaking,
but so far so good..
Thanks again
======================================"Uri Dimant" <urid@.iscar.co.il> wrote in message
news:%23piXMw$2GHA.1068@.TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...
>I don't know how you built VBS file since you have not shown us the source
>so , take a look at
> http://www.sql-server-performance.com/nn_monitor_with_dts_05.asp
>
> "WANNABE" <breichenbach AT istate DOT com> wrote in message
> news:e2d66s$2GHA.1292@.TK2MSFTNGP03.phx.gbl...
>> HI, Forgive me as I try to work through my thoughts here. I am looking
>> for some help in creating a script that will gather drive data from 3 SQL
>> servers and record that to a SQL database. The data to be recorded was
>> originally just (DriveLetter, Size, SpaceUsed, SpaceAvailable). Now it
>> includes (FileNames, and Sizes) of MDF and LDF files in specific folders.
>> I started this yesterday and have a VBS script that pulls the original
>> data and saves it to a CSV file, then I created a VBA macro in an XLS
>> file which pulls that data in to a spreadsheet and assigns each servers
>> data to a different tab. But this requires a VBS file on each server and
>> each VBS file creates their own CSV file (on a central server where the
>> XLS file is located).. Anyway I would like to change what I have already
>> done so that there a fewer pieces, more data, and it is saved to an MDF.
>> Can someone help with this?
>

how to trace the file activity???

Dear all,
It urgent, can anyone please tell me how to race
the activity which the user have done to the file. e.g.
When the user delete a record from the file, when the
user edit a record from the file and when the user add a
new record to a file from the EM.Please, help.. Thanks.
Regards
Sharon
.There are several ways. One is to add a trigger to every table you wish to
audit that keeps track of all this activity. Of coarse this doesn't help
for any activity that already happened. Another much easier way is to use a
3rd party product such as Log Explorer from www.lumigent.com to look at the
log files and see the history. Of coarse if you have already truncated the
logs you may not have the information.
Andrew J. Kelly
SQL Server MVP
"sharon" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:130a901c44390$4ac6a320$a601280a@.phx
.gbl...
> Dear all,
> It urgent, can anyone please tell me how to race
> the activity which the user have done to the file. e.g.
> When the user delete a record from the file, when the
> user edit a record from the file and when the user add a
> new record to a file from the EM.Please, help.. Thanks.
> Regards
> Sharon
>
> .
>sql

How to trace the database activity

Dear all,
It urgent, can anyone please tell me how to race
the activity which the user have done to the file. e.g.
When the user delete a record from the file, when the
user edit a record from the file and when the user add a
new record to a file from the EM.Please, help.. Thanks.
Regards
Sharon
Please don't post independently in multiple newsgroups. You can add the
other newsgroups in the "Newsgroups" section in the header and it will show
up in all those simultaneously as will the answers. See my reply in the
other newsgroup.

Andrew J. Kelly
SQL Server MVP
"sharon" <anonymous@.discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news:1329601c44387$f1f0c2b0$a501280a@.phx.gbl...
> Dear all,
> It urgent, can anyone please tell me how to race
> the activity which the user have done to the file. e.g.
> When the user delete a record from the file, when the
> user edit a record from the file and when the user add a
> new record to a file from the EM.Please, help.. Thanks.
> Regards
> Sharon
>

How to trace a trace file?

SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of our
servers, but I can't figure out where it's being generated from. It's
tracing various Database Events (Data File Auto Grow, Data File Auto Shrink,
etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missing Join Predicate, etc.), Full
Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.), Security
Audit (Audit Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I
can't see a process in the Activity Monitor that is from SQL Server
Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to what this is.
I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I would
find which process, and more specifically which user, is running this.
Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone
has turned on, and if so, where do I find it?
Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully
received.
Michael MacGregor
Database ArchitectPerhaps it is the default trace? Is this trace in the SQL Server LOG directo
ry (where the errorlog
file is)? If so, disable it using sp_configure (but remember that is it quit
e handy to have...).
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23jLsRaInHHA.1244@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
> I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of ou
r servers, but I can't
> figure out where it's being generated from. It's tracing various Database
Events (Data File Auto
> Grow, Data File Auto Shrink, etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missi
ng Join Predicate,
> etc.), Full Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.)
, Security Audit (Audit
> Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I can't see a
process in the Activity
> Monitor that is from SQL Server Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to wh
at this is.
> I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I wou
ld find which process,
> and more specifically which user, is running this.
> Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone
has turned on, and if
> so, where do I find it?
> Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully
received.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>|||Hi Tibor,
Thanks for your prompt response.
Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events
it is monitoring? I took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the
way of information about that under configuration options.
Thanks.
Michael MacGregor
Database Architect|||> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which even
ts it is monitoring?
Sure. Well, ...it depends on whether you want to call below "documentation"
or not... ;-)
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23VTr9hInHHA.2596@.TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
> Hi Tibor,
> Thanks for your prompt response.
> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which even
ts it is monitoring? I
> took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the way of information a
bout that under
> configuration options.
> Thanks.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>|||So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
Thanks Tibor.
MTM|||Michael
I wrote an article about this trace when I discovered it. You're right, that
there is not a lot of documentation about it.
http://www.sqlmag.com/Article/Artic...or_a_Trace.html
You can open up any of the trace output files in the Profiler, and then when
you look at the properties of the trace you can see what is being traced.
As Tibor mentioned, you can disable it with sp_configure, if you decide that
it's the best thing to do.
--
HTH
Kalen Delaney, SQL Server MVP
www.InsideSQLServer.com
http://sqlblog.com
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:uLFbVnInHHA.568@.TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
> So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
> documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
> Thanks Tibor.
> MTM
>sql

How to trace a trace file?

SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of our
servers, but I can't figure out where it's being generated from. It's
tracing various Database Events (Data File Auto Grow, Data File Auto Shrink,
etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missing Join Predicate, etc.), Full
Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.), Security
Audit (Audit Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I
can't see a process in the Activity Monitor that is from SQL Server
Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to what this is.
I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I would
find which process, and more specifically which user, is running this.
Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone
has turned on, and if so, where do I find it?
Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully
received.
Michael MacGregor
Database Architect
Perhaps it is the default trace? Is this trace in the SQL Server LOG directory (where the errorlog
file is)? If so, disable it using sp_configure (but remember that is it quite handy to have...).
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23jLsRaInHHA.1244@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
> I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of our servers, but I can't
> figure out where it's being generated from. It's tracing various Database Events (Data File Auto
> Grow, Data File Auto Shrink, etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missing Join Predicate,
> etc.), Full Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.), Security Audit (Audit
> Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I can't see a process in the Activity
> Monitor that is from SQL Server Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to what this is.
> I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I would find which process,
> and more specifically which user, is running this.
> Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone has turned on, and if
> so, where do I find it?
> Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully received.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>
|||Hi Tibor,
Thanks for your prompt response.
Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events
it is monitoring? I took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the
way of information about that under configuration options.
Thanks.
Michael MacGregor
Database Architect
|||> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events it is monitoring?
Sure. Well, ...it depends on whether you want to call below "documentation" or not... ;-)
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23VTr9hInHHA.2596@.TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
> Hi Tibor,
> Thanks for your prompt response.
> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events it is monitoring? I
> took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the way of information about that under
> configuration options.
> Thanks.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>
|||So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
Thanks Tibor.
MTM
|||Michael
I wrote an article about this trace when I discovered it. You're right, that
there is not a lot of documentation about it.
http://www.sqlmag.com/Article/ArticleID/48939/Searching_for_a_Trace.html
You can open up any of the trace output files in the Profiler, and then when
you look at the properties of the trace you can see what is being traced.
As Tibor mentioned, you can disable it with sp_configure, if you decide that
it's the best thing to do.
HTH
Kalen Delaney, SQL Server MVP
www.InsideSQLServer.com
http://sqlblog.com
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:uLFbVnInHHA.568@.TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
> So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
> documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
> Thanks Tibor.
> MTM
>

How to trace a trace file?

SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of our
servers, but I can't figure out where it's being generated from. It's
tracing various Database Events (Data File Auto Grow, Data File Auto Shrink,
etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missing Join Predicate, etc.), Full
Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.), Security
Audit (Audit Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I
can't see a process in the Activity Monitor that is from SQL Server
Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to what this is.
I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I would
find which process, and more specifically which user, is running this.
Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone
has turned on, and if so, where do I find it?
Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully
received.
Michael MacGregor
Database ArchitectPerhaps it is the default trace? Is this trace in the SQL Server LOG directory (where the errorlog
file is)? If so, disable it using sp_configure (but remember that is it quite handy to have...).
--
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23jLsRaInHHA.1244@.TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl...
> SQL Server 2005 Enterprise 64-bit, clustered.
> I've just discovered that there is a trace file being created on one of our servers, but I can't
> figure out where it's being generated from. It's tracing various Database Events (Data File Auto
> Grow, Data File Auto Shrink, etc.), Error and Warning (Hash Warning, Missing Join Predicate,
> etc.), Full Text (FT: Crawl Aborted, etc.), Objects (Object:Altered, etc.), Security Audit (Audit
> Add DB User Event, etc.) and Server (Server Memory Change). I can't see a process in the Activity
> Monitor that is from SQL Server Profiler, so I'm a little stumped as to what this is.
> I presume it could be caused by sp_trace_create but I'm not sure how I would find which process,
> and more specifically which user, is running this.
> Or is this possibly some kind of internal auditing capability that someone has turned on, and if
> so, where do I find it?
> Any help you can provide so I can track this down would be most gratefully received.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>|||Hi Tibor,
Thanks for your prompt response.
Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events
it is monitoring? I took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the
way of information about that under configuration options.
Thanks.
Michael MacGregor
Database Architect|||> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events it is monitoring?
Sure. Well, ...it depends on whether you want to call below "documentation" or not... ;-)
--
Tibor Karaszi, SQL Server MVP
http://www.karaszi.com/sqlserver/default.asp
http://sqlblog.com/blogs/tibor_karaszi
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:%23VTr9hInHHA.2596@.TK2MSFTNGP06.phx.gbl...
> Hi Tibor,
> Thanks for your prompt response.
> Is there documentation on what the default trace contains, i.e. which events it is monitoring? I
> took a quick look at BOL but there wasn't much in the way of information about that under
> configuration options.
> Thanks.
> Michael MacGregor
> Database Architect
>|||So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
Thanks Tibor.
MTM|||Michael
I wrote an article about this trace when I discovered it. You're right, that
there is not a lot of documentation about it.
http://www.sqlmag.com/Article/ArticleID/48939/Searching_for_a_Trace.html
You can open up any of the trace output files in the Profiler, and then when
you look at the properties of the trace you can see what is being traced.
As Tibor mentioned, you can disable it with sp_configure, if you decide that
it's the best thing to do.
--
HTH
Kalen Delaney, SQL Server MVP
www.InsideSQLServer.com
http://sqlblog.com
"Michael MacGregor" <nospam@.nospam.com> wrote in message
news:uLFbVnInHHA.568@.TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...
> So I presume then that there's not much in the way of "official"
> documentation for this feature from Microsoft. Ain't that a surprise!
> Thanks Tibor.
> MTM
>

How to test if a DB is encrypted?

Can anyone tell me how to find out if a .sdf file is encrypted? Im using C# and would like to know if the db that I am trying to open is encrypted. I would then like to attempt to open the db.

Any help would be appreciated!

Attempt to open the database without a password in the connectionstring. If an error occurs, like

25028

SSCE_M_INVALIDPASSWORD

the database is password protected.